Principles of management definition and key principles
Principles of management are basic activities that can help you plan, organize, and control operations related to material, people, machines, methods, money, and markets. They provide leadership to human efforts so that they achieve set objectives efficiently.
The principles of management refer
to the fundamental guidelines and rules that guide the decision-making and
actions of managers in an organization. These principles serve as a framework
for effective management practices, providing a basis for making sound
managerial decisions and achieving organizational objectives. The principles of
management have been developed and refined over time by management theorists
and practitioners. Some of the key principles include:
1. Division of Labor:
- Specialization and division of labor increase efficiency and
productivity. Assigning specific tasks to individuals based on their skills and
expertise can lead to improved performance.
2. Authority and Responsibility:
- Managers must have the authority to make decisions and give orders,
but they also bear the responsibility for the outcomes of those decisions. This
principle helps establish a clear chain of command within an organization.
3. Unity of Command:
- Each employee should receive instructions and guidance from only one
supervisor. This helps prevent confusion, and conflicting instructions and
promotes a clear line of authority.
4. Unity of Direction:
- Teams and individuals with similar objectives should be working under
the guidance of one manager using one plan. This ensures that everyone is
moving towards common organizational goals.
5. Scalar Chain:
- There should be a clear and unbroken line of communication and
authority from the top management to the lowest-ranking employee. This helps
maintain organizational order and facilitates smooth communication.
6. Centralization and
Decentralization:
- The degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at the
top or distributed throughout the organization is an important consideration.
Decisions can be centralized in a few key individuals or decentralized to
various levels of management.
7. Equity:
- Managers should treat employees with kindness and justice. Fairness in
dealing with subordinates contributes to a positive work environment and
employee satisfaction.
8. Order:
- There should be a place for everything, and everything should be in
its place. This principle emphasizes the importance of an organized and
efficient workplace.
9. Initiative:
- Employees should be encouraged to take the initiative in their work.
This principle promotes innovation and a proactive approach to problem-solving.
10. Esprit de Corps:
- Building a sense of unity and team spirit among employees is essential
for a harmonious and productive work environment. This principle encourages
teamwork and mutual respect.
These principles provide a framework
for managers to make informed decisions and navigate the complexities of
organizational management effectively. Keep in mind that different management
theorists may propose variations or additional principles, and the application
of these principles can vary based on the specific context and nature of the
organization.
