Learning Point

  . Introduction to Time Value of Money (TVM) Definition: TVM is the concept that money available today is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity. Basis: TVM is based on the idea that money can earn interest or returns. Real-World Example: If you receive Rs. 100,000 today and invest it at 10%, after one year it becomes Rs. 110,000. Thus, receiving money today is more valuable. 2. Importance and Applications Investment Analysis Capital Budgeting Loan Amortization Retirement Planning Business Valuation 3. Advantages of TVM Helps in comparing investment opportunities Assists in making informed decisions Useful in financial planning and forecasting Disadvantages Assumes constant interest rates Inflation and risk factors may not be fully considered 4. Concepts Related to TVM a. Future Value (FV): Future Value (...

 The gradual growth of trade, commerce and industry during twentieth century, the size of business activities had grown up, and the sole proprietorship and the partnership forms of organizations did not supply all the capital needed. Therefore, a new form of business organization came into existence where in the public was invited to contribute capital. Such an organization is known as a Joint Stock Company or simply a company or alternatively named as a corporation. Such joint stock companies are established in Pakistan under Companies Act, 2017. A Joint Stock Company or Corporation is a fictitious or artificial legal person existing in the eyes of law. This legal person (Company) once created is distinct from its owners, stockholders, shareholders or members. The Company can own property, sue and be sued and generally carry on activities by its own name and title through its officers and agents. Being a creature of statute, the scope of its activities is dependent upon its memora...

In modern education, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a crucial role in enhancing teaching, learning, and administration. However, the effectiveness of ICT integration depends on selecting appropriate tools and resources . This makes evaluating ICT tools a vital skill for education professionals. 2. Objectives of the Lecture By the end of this lecture, students should be able to: Understand the importance of evaluating ICT tools. Identify key criteria for selecting ICT resources. Apply evaluation frameworks to real-world educational tools. Make informed decisions on ICT integration in classrooms. 3. Importance of Evaluating ICT Tools ✅ Enhances Learning Outcomes Choosing the right tool can significantly improve student engagement and achievement. ✅ Supports Curriculum Goals Evaluation ensures alignment with learning objectives and standards. ✅ Cost-Effectiveness Helps in sele...

ICTs for Lifelong Learning and Teacher Professional Development 1. Introduction ICT (Information and Communication Technology) refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. This includes the internet, wireless networks, computers, smartphones, and other communication mediums. In the 21st century, ICT has become a key enabler of lifelong learning and teacher professional development , helping both students and educators adapt to fast-changing knowledge and skills. 2. What is Lifelong Learning? Lifelong learning is continuous, voluntary, and self-motivated learning throughout an individual's life. It goes beyond formal education and includes informal and non-formal learning . Lifelong learning helps individuals to upskill, reskill, and adapt to societal and technological changes. 3. Role of ICT in Lifelong Learning ICT Tools How They Support Lifelong Learning ...

Collaborative learning is an instructional approach in which students work together in small groups to achieve shared learning goals. It emphasizes interaction, dialogue, teamwork, and the co-construction of knowledge . With the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) , collaborative learning has gained new dimensions. ICT tools now enable students to collaborate across time, location, and disciplines , even beyond the physical classroom. 🔹 What is Collaborative Learning with ICT? Collaborative learning using ICT refers to the use of digital tools and platforms to support group learning activities where students jointly create, discuss, and apply knowledge. ICT platforms make it easier for students to: Share ideas Work on joint projects Communicate effectively Access and edit shared documents in real-time 🔹 Why is Collaborative Learning Important? Collaborative learning: Builds critical thinking and problem-solving s...

Planning for ICT Integration in Education 📌 I. Introduction to ICT in Education ICT (Information and Communication Technology) refers to the use of digital technologies (computers, the internet, multimedia, and communication devices) to support teaching, learning, and administration in educational institutions. ICT integration means using these technologies meaningfully in curriculum planning, classroom instruction, assessment, and teacher-student interaction. 🎯 II. Importance of ICT Integration in Education Enhances learning : Visual, interactive tools help better understanding. Promotes student engagement : Games, videos, simulations make learning fun. Improves digital literacy : Students learn essential 21st-century skills. Supports inclusive education : Assistive tech helps differently abled learners. Strengthens teacher capacity : Access to global resources and training. Facilitates flexible learning : Blended lear...